What is C# exclusive or `^` usage? [closed]

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Can anyone explain this 开发者_运维问答operator with a good example?

I know what this operator is. I mean a real-life example.

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It is an implementation of the the logical operation exclusive disjunction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_or

Exclusive disjunction is often used for bitwise operations. Examples:

• 1 xor 1 = 0
• 1 xor 0 = 1
• 0 xor 1 = 1
• 0 xor 0 = 0
• 1110 xor 1001 = 0111 (this is equivalent to addition without carry)

As noted above, since exclusive disjunction is identical to addition modulo 2, the bitwise exclusive disjunction of two n-bit strings is identical to the standard vector of addition in the vector space (Z/2Z)^4.

In computer science, exclusive disjunction has several uses:

• It tells whether two bits are unequal.
• It is an optional bit-flipper (the deciding input chooses whether to invert the data input).
• It tells whether there is an odd number of 1 bits ( is true iff an odd number of the variables are true).

(and a whole ton of other uses)

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For example, like this:

var result = a ^ b;

result          a        b
--------------------------------
true            true    false
true            false   true
false           true    true
false           false   false

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For "exclusive or" to evaluate to true one and only one operand has to be true.

foo ^ bar

is equivalent to

(foo && !bar) || (!foo && bar)

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When using XOR, the statement only evaluates to true if only ONE of the compared statements is true. So:

bool foo = true;
bool bar = false;
if (foo ^ bar) { bar = true; // this evaluates to true }
if (foo ^ bar) { // This evaluates to false, since both statements are now true. }

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XOR is a common boolean operator and has nothing unique to it in C#. I suggest reading a little about boolean algebra to learn what it is used for with 1 bit, then check what you get when you do (a XOR b) XOR b with any two numbers or characters a and b.

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A programming language's reference is always the best place to look for the definitions of operators.

In this case, MSDN is the most appropriate definition for a C# operator.

According to the documentation:

Binary ^ operators are predefined for the integral types and bool. For integral types, ^ computes the bitwise exclusive-OR of its operands. For bool operands, ^ computes the logical exclusive-or of its operands; that is, the result is true if and only if exactly one of its operands is true.

An example is also listed.