Regular Expression to Match All Comments in a T-SQL Script

I need a Regular Expression to capture ALL comments in a block of T-SQL. The Expression will need to work with the .Net Regex Class.

Let's say I have the following T-SQL:

-- This is Comment 1
SELECT Foo FROM Bar
GO

-- This is
-- Comment 2
UPDATE Bar SET Foo == 'Foo'
GO

/* This is Comment 3 */
DELETE FROM Bar WHERE Foo = 'Foo'

/* This is a
multi-line comment */
DROP TABLE开发者_高级运维 Bar

I need to capture all of the comments, including the multi-line ones, so that I can strip them out.

EDIT: It would serve the same purpose to have an expression that takes everything BUT the comments.

---

This should work:

(--.*)|(((/\*)+?[\w\W]+?(\*/)+))

---

In PHP, i'm using this code to uncomment SQL (this is the commented version -> x modifier) :

trim( preg_replace( '@
(([\'"]).*?[^\\\]\2) # $1 : Skip single & double quoted expressions
|(                   # $3 : Match comments
    (?:\#|--).*?$    # - Single line comment
    |                # - Multi line (nested) comments
     /\*             #   . comment open marker
        (?: [^/*]    #   . non comment-marker characters
            |/(?!\*) #   . not a comment open
            |\*(?!/) #   . not a comment close
            |(?R)    #   . recursive case
        )*           #   . repeat eventually
    \*\/             #   . comment close marker
)\s*                 # Trim after comments
|(?<=;)\s+           # Trim after semi-colon
@msx', '$1', $sql ) );

Short version:

trim( preg_replace( '@(([\'"]).*?[^\\\]\2)|((?:\#|--).*?$|/\*(?:[^/*]|/(?!\*)|\*(?!/)|(?R))*\*\/)\s*|(?<=;)\s+@ms', '$1', $sql ) );

---

Using this code :

StringCollection resultList = new StringCollection(); 
try {
Regex regexObj = new Regex(@"/\*(?>(?:(?!\*/|/\*).)*)(?>(?:/\*(?>(?:(?!\*/|/\*).)*)\*/(?>(?:(?!\*/|/\*).)*))*).*?\*/|--.*?\r?[\n]", RegexOptions.Singleline);
Match matchResult = regexObj.Match(subjectString);
while (matchResult.Success) {
    resultList.Add(matchResult.Value);
    matchResult = matchResult.NextMatch();
} 
} catch (ArgumentException ex) {
// Syntax error in the regular expression
}

With the following input :

-- This is Comment 1
SELECT Foo FROM Bar
GO

-- This is
-- Comment 2
UPDATE Bar SET Foo == 'Foo'
GO

/* This is Comment 3 */
DELETE FROM Bar WHERE Foo = 'Foo'

/* This is a
multi-line comment */
DROP TABLE Bar

/* comment /* nesting */ of /* two */ levels supported */
foo...

Produces these matches :

-- This is Comment 1
-- This is
-- Comment 2
/* This is Comment 3 */
/* This is a
multi-line comment */
/* comment /* nesting */ of /* two */ levels supported */

Not that this will only match 2 levels of nested comments, although in my life I have never seen more than one level being used. Ever.

---

I made this function that removes all SQL comments, using plain regular expressons. It removes both line comments (even when there is not a linebreak after) and block comments (even if there are nested block comments). This function can also replace literals (useful if you are searching for something inside SQL procedures but you want to ignore strings).

My code was based on this answer (which is about C# comments), so I had to change line comments from "//" to "--", but more importantly I had to rewrite the block comments regex (using balancing groups) because SQL allows nested block comments, while C# doesn't.

Also, I have this "preservePositions" argument, which instead of stripping out the comments it just fills comments with whitespace. That's useful if you want to preserve the original position of each SQL command, in case you need to manipulate the original script while preserving original comments.

Regex everythingExceptNewLines = new Regex("[^\r\n]");
public string RemoveComments(string input, bool preservePositions, bool removeLiterals=false)
{
    //based on https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3524317/regex-to-strip-line-comments-from-c-sharp/3524689#3524689

    var lineComments = @"--(.*?)\r?\n";
    var lineCommentsOnLastLine = @"--(.*?)$"; // because it's possible that there's no \r\n after the last line comment
    // literals ('literals'), bracketedIdentifiers ([object]) and quotedIdentifiers ("object"), they follow the same structure:
    // there's the start character, any consecutive pairs of closing characters are considered part of the literal/identifier, and then comes the closing character
    var literals = @"('(('')|[^'])*')"; // 'John', 'O''malley''s', etc
    var bracketedIdentifiers = @"\[((\]\])|[^\]])* \]"; // [object], [ % object]] ], etc
    var quotedIdentifiers = @"(\""((\""\"")|[^""])*\"")"; // "object", "object[]", etc - when QUOTED_IDENTIFIER is set to ON, they are identifiers, else they are literals
    //var blockComments = @"/\*(.*?)\*/";  //the original code was for C#, but Microsoft SQL allows a nested block comments // //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178623.aspx
    //so we should use balancing groups // http://weblogs.asp.net/whaggard/377025
    var nestedBlockComments = @"/\*
                                (?>
                                /\*  (?<LEVEL>)      # On opening push level
                                | 
                                \*/ (?<-LEVEL>)     # On closing pop level
                                |
                                (?! /\* | \*/ ) . # Match any char unless the opening and closing strings   
                                )+                         # /* or */ in the lookahead string
                                (?(LEVEL)(?!))             # If level exists then fail
                                \*/";

    string noComments = Regex.Replace(input,
            nestedBlockComments + "|" + lineComments + "|" + lineCommentsOnLastLine + "|" + literals + "|" + bracketedIdentifiers + "|" + quotedIdentifiers,
        me => {
            if (me.Value.StartsWith("/*") && preservePositions)
                return everythingExceptNewLines.Replace(me.Value, " "); // preserve positions and keep line-breaks // return new string(' ', me.Value.Length);
            else if (me.Value.StartsWith("/*") && !preservePositions)
                return "";
            else if (me.Value.StartsWith("--") && preservePositions)
                return everythingExceptNewLines.Replace(me.Value, " "); // preserve positions and keep line-breaks
            else if (me.Value.StartsWith("--") && !preservePositions)
                return everythingExceptNewLines.Replace(me.Value, ""); // preserve only line-breaks // Environment.NewLine;
            else if (me.Value.StartsWith("[") || me.Value.StartsWith("\""))
                return me.Value; // do not remove object identifiers ever
            else if (!removeLiterals) // Keep the literal strings
                return me.Value;
            else if (removeLiterals && preservePositions) // remove literals, but preserving positions and line-breaks
            {
                var literalWithLineBreaks = everythingExceptNewLines.Replace(me.Value, " ");
                return "'" + literalWithLineBreaks.Substring(1, literalWithLineBreaks.Length - 2) + "'";
            }
            else if (removeLiterals && !preservePositions) // wrap completely all literals
                return "''";
            else
                throw new NotImplementedException();
        },
        RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace);
    return noComments;
}

Test 1 (first original, then removing comments, last removing comments/literals)

[select /* block comment */ top 1 'a' /* block comment /* nested block comment */*/ from  sys.tables --LineComment
union
select top 1 '/* literal with */-- lots of comments symbols' from sys.tables --FinalLineComment]

[select                     top 1 'a'                                               from  sys.tables              
union
select top 1 '/* literal with */-- lots of comments symbols' from sys.tables                   ]

[select                     top 1 ' '                                               from  sys.tables              
union
select top 1 '                                             ' from sys.tables                   ]

Test 2 (first original, then removing comments, last removing comments/literals)

Original:
[create table [/*] /* 
  -- huh? */
(
    "--
     --" integer identity, -- /*
    [*/] varchar(20) /* -- */
         default '*/ /* -- */' /* /* /* */ */ */
);
            go]


[create table [/*]    

(
    "--
     --" integer identity,      
    [*/] varchar(20)         
         default '*/ /* -- */'                  
);
            go]


[create table [/*]    

(
    "--
     --" integer identity,      
    [*/] varchar(20)         
         default '           '                  
);
            go]

---

This works for me:

(/\*(.|[\r\n])*?\*/)|(--(.*|[\r\n]))

It matches all comments starting with -- or enclosed within */ .. */ blocks

---

I see you're using Microsoft's SQL Server (as opposed to Oracle or MySQL). If you relax the regex requirement, it's now possible (since 2012) to use Microsoft's own parser:

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.TransactSql.ScriptDom;

...

public string StripCommentsFromSQL( string SQL ) {

    TSql110Parser parser = new TSql110Parser( true );
    IList<ParseError> errors;
    var fragments = parser.Parse( new System.IO.StringReader( SQL ), out errors );

    // clear comments
    string result = string.Join ( 
      string.Empty,
      fragments.ScriptTokenStream
          .Where( x => x.TokenType != TSqlTokenType.MultilineComment )
          .Where( x => x.TokenType != TSqlTokenType.SingleLineComment )
          .Select( x => x.Text ) );

    return result;

}

See Removing Comments From SQL

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The following works fine - pg-minify, and not only for PostgreSQL, but for MS-SQL also.

Presumably, if we remove comments, that means the script is no longer for reading, and minifying it at the same time is a good idea.

That library deletes all comments as part of the script minification.

---

I am using this java code to remove all sql comments from text. It supports comments like /* ... */ , --..., nested comments, ignores comments inside quoted strings

  public static String stripComments(String sqlCommand) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    //group 1 must be quoted string
    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("('(''|[^'])*')|(/\\*(.|[\\r\\n])*?\\*/)|(--(.*|[\\r\\n]))");
    Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(sqlCommand);
    int prevIndex = 0;
    while(matcher.find()) {
      // add previous portion of string that was not found by regexp - meaning this is not a quoted string and not a comment
      result.append(sqlCommand, prevIndex, matcher.start());
      prevIndex = matcher.end();
      // add the quoted string
      if (matcher.group(1) != null) {
        result.append(sqlCommand, matcher.start(), matcher.end());
      }
    }
    result.append(sqlCommand.substring(prevIndex));
    return result.toString();
  }

---

Following up from Jeremy's answer and inspired by Adrien Gibrat's answer.

This is my version that supports comment characters inside single-quoted strings.

.NET C# note you need to enable RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace , most other languages this is the x option

(?: (?:'[^']*?') | (?<singleline>--[^\n]*) | (?<multiline>(?:\/\*)+?[\w\W]+?(?:\*\/)+) )

Example https://regex101.com/r/GMUAnc/3