Monotonify (list-munging) without a For loop

For or While loops in Mathematica code always make me feel a little dirty but I was confusing myself trying to do some list munging all functional-like, and resorted to this:

(* # Given a lis开发者_Python百科t of {x,y} pairs, transform the data as follows: every time 
   # there's a decrease in y-value from one datapoint to the next, say {x1,Y} 
   # followed by {x2,y}, add Y to the value of every datapoint on or after x2. *)
monotonify[data_] := Module[{data0, i, offset = 0},
  data0 = data;
  For[i = 2, i <= Length[data], i++,
    If[data[[i-1,2]] > data[[i,2]], offset += data[[i-1,2]]];
    data0[[i]] += {0,offset}];
  data0]

(Think of the y-values as odometer readings where sometimes the odometer gets accidentally reset -- evident because the value decreases, which odometers shouldn't do. So we transform the readings by adding the last known value before each reset to all future values.)

How would you write monotonify in a nice functional style?

(The fact that I don't consider the above For loop perfectly fine is probably a mild form of OCD.)

---

OK, now I've fixed my approach to work with inputs as originally requested.

Start with a sample dataset:

dataset = {{a, 1}, {b, 2}, {c, 3}, {d, 4}, {e, 5}, {f, 0}, {g, 4}, 
{h,5}, {i, 6}, {j, 7}, {k, 4}, {l, 7}, {m, 8}, {n, 9}, {o, 0}, {p,2}, 
{q, 3}};

Take the transpose:

trDataset = Transpose[dataset];

next a function to operate on the Y-values only:

trDataset[[2]] = FoldList[Plus, dataset[[1, 2]], Map[Max[#, 0] &, Differences[dataset[[All, 2]]]]]

Undo the transposition:

dataset = Transpose[trDataset]

and the output is now

{{a, 1}, {b, 2}, {c, 3}, {d, 4}, {e, 5}, {f, 5}, {g, 9}, {h, 10}, {i, 
  11}, {j, 12}, {k, 12}, {l, 15}, {m, 16}, {n, 17}, {o, 17}, {p, 
  19}, {q, 20}}

I still haven't tested the performance of this solution.

EDIT: OK, here's the basis of a fix, I'll leave the rest of the work to you @dreeves. This version of monotonify only works on a list of numbers, I haven't integrated it into my previous suggestion to work with your inputs.

monotonify[series_] := 
 Split[series, Less] //. {a___, x_List, y_List, z___} /; 
     Last[x] > First[y] -> {a, x, y + Last[x], z} // Flatten

EDIT 2: Another function which works on a list of numbers. This is much faster than my previous attempt.

monotonify[series_] := 
Accumulate[Flatten[Map[Flatten[{#[[1]], Differences[#]}] &, 
       Split[series, Less]]]]

---

Here is another solution:

Module[{corr, lasts},
 lasts = data[[All, 2]]; 
 corr = Prepend[Accumulate[MapThread[If[#1 > #2, #1, 0] &, {Most[lasts], Rest[lasts]}]], 0];
 Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], lasts + corr}]]

It computes a correction vector that is then added to the y-values of the given data points.

---

Once the gauntlet was down I couldn't not try it, but I kind of think the For loop version is more straightforward:

mon00[{prev_,offset_}, next_] := {next, offset + If[prev > next, prev, 0]}
monotonify0[list_] := list + Rest[FoldList[mon00, {-Infinity,0}, list]][[All,2]]
monotonify[data_] := Transpose@{#1, monotonify0[#2]}& @@ Transpose@data

The idea is to write a helper function that does it for just a plain list of the y-values and then use the double-Transpose idiom to operate on just the second column of the data.

Handy reference for the double-Transpose idiom

For transforming a particular column in a matrix, eg, replacing each value x in column 2 of a 4-column matrix with transformElement[x]:

{#1, transformElement[#2], #3, #4}& @@@ matrix

If you need to transform a column with a function that takes the whole column as a list, use the following idiom:

Transpose @ {#1, transformList[#2], #3, #4}& @@ Tranpose@matrix

---

I did it using mostly Split, Flatten and Accumulate. I'm not sure the end result is easier to understand than the For loop, but it should be nice and fast if it matters.

monotonize[list_] := 
  With[{splits = Split[list, LessEqual]},
   With[{diffs = Most[Last /@ splits] - Rest[First /@ splits]},
    Flatten[
      MapThread[Plus, {Accumulate[Prepend[diffs, 0]], splits}],
     1]]];

monotonizeSecond[list_] :=
  With[{firsts = First /@ list, lasts = Last /@ list},
   Transpose[{firsts, monotonize@lasts}]];

I think the copious use for With makes it a little clearer than a solution that relied more on anonymous functions woulld. Also, monotonize seems like the kind of thing that could be useful on "undecorated" lists, so I broke it out as a separate function.

---

Fundamentally what makes this challenging is that most functional operators in Mathematica operate on one element of a list at a time. This is not the only option however these functions could have been set up to take two adjacent elements of a list at a time, this hypothetical function would make it trivial to get the desired result.

Instead of transforming the function we can easily transform the data using Partition.

Clear[monotonify];
monotonify[data_] := 
 Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], 
  Rest@FoldList[
    If[#2[[1]] < #2[[2]], #1 + #2[[2]] - #2[[1]], #1 + #2[[2]]] &, 0, 
    Partition[data[[All, 2]], 2, 1, {2, -1}, 0]]}]

This version I refactored to add a helper function to make it clear how the function folded over works, but mathematica does not optimize it as well.

Clear[monotonify, m00];
m00[acc_, {prev_, next_}] := 
 If[prev < next, acc + next - prev, acc + next]
monotonify[data_] := 
 Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], 
  Rest@FoldList[m00, 0, Partition[data[[All, 2]], 2, 1, {2, -1}, 0]]}]

edit: forgot some {}