Determining if a Javascript object is a "complex" object or just a string

I want to be able to pass either a string literal,

'this is a string'
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or a javascript object,

{one: 'this', two: 'is', three: 'a', four: 'string' }

as argument to a function, and take different actions depending on whether it's a string or an object. How do I determine which is true?

To be specific, I want to iterate over the properties of an object, and do some parsing if a property is a string, but nest recursively if the property is an object. I've figured out how to use $.each() to iterate over the properties of the object, but if I just do this with the string, it treates the string as an array of letters rather than as a single thing. Can I get around this some other way?

---

var data = {
    foo: "I'm a string literal",
    bar:  {
       content: "I'm within an object"
    }        
};

jQuery

$.each(data, function(i, element){
    if($.isPlainObject(element){
       // we got an object here
    }
});

There are similar methods like $.isArray() or $.isFunction() within the jQuery lib.

Native Javascript

for(var element in data){
   if(toString.call(element) === '[object Object]'){
      // we got an object here
   }
}

To use the hack'ish way with toString has the advantage, that you can identify whether it is really an object and an array. Both, objects and arrays would return object by using typeof element.

Long story short, you cannot rely on the typeof operator to distinguish true objects and arrays. For that you need the toString.call(). If you just need to know whether it is any object or not, typeof is just fine.

---

var a = 'this is a string';

console.log(typeof a);   // Displays: "string"

var b = {one: 'this', two: 'is', three: 'a', four: 'string' };

console.log(typeof b);   // Displays: "object"

Therefore:

if (typeof yourArgument === 'string') {
   // Do the string parsing
}
else if (typeof yourArgument === 'object') {
   // Do the property enumeration
}
else {
   // Throw exception
}

---

UPDATE:

Some further considerations:

1. See @Andy E's comment below.

2. typeof null returns "object" as well. The same applies to any other object, including arrays.

---

Try this:

function some_function(argument) {
  if (typeof(argument) == "string" || argument.constructor == String) {
    // it's a string literal
  } else if (argument && typeof(argument) == "object" && argument.constructor != Array) {
    // it's an object and not null
  } else {
    // error
  }
}

Thanks to Andy E for the tipp with argument.constructor.

---

Try the typeof operator. It will return object for objects and string for strings.

---

you can do something like this

function something(variableX){
  if (typeof(variableX) === 'object'){
     // Do something
  }else if (typeof(variableX) === 'string'){
     // Do something
  }

}

---

I was having a similar problem and I think I figured out a solution. Here is my sample code for anyone who is interested.

var propToDotSyntax = function (obj) {
    var parse = function (o, n) {
        var a = [], t;
        for (var p in o) {
            if (o.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
                t = o[p];
                if (n !== undefined) tmp = n + '.' + p;
                else tmp = p;
                if (t && typeof(t) === 'object') a.push(arguments.callee(t, tmp));
                else a.push(tmp + '=' + t);
            }
        }
        return a;
    };
    return parse(obj).toString();
}
var i = { prop: 'string', obj: { subprop: 'substring', subobj: { subsubprop: 'subsubstring' } } };

propToDotSyntax(i);

This will go through all the properties of an object — even if the properties are objects themselves — and return a string with the following values in dot syntax.

"prop=string,obj.subprop=substring,obj.subobj.subsubprop=subsubstring"

I got the inspiration from DavidPirek.com — Thanks Mr. Pirek!