目录
- 简介
- 技术架构解析
- 核心技术亮点
- 性能优化策略
- 总结
简介
本文介绍了一个基于Web的SQL执行工具的设计与实现,该工具允许用户通过浏览器直接执行SQL语句并查看结果。系统采用前后端分离架构,后端基于Spring Boot框架实现SQL执行引擎,前端使用vue.js构建用户界面。该系统提供了直观的SQL编辑器、数据库表管理、历史查询记录和结果展示等功能,有效提高了数据库操作效率。
(本质就是客户端不知为何连接不上服务器的数据库,紧急情况下,手搓了一个sql 执行器)
本文介绍的网页版SQL执行工具,通过整合Spring Boot后端与Vue前端,实现了数据库管理的范式转移,将复杂操作转化为直观的Web界面体验。
技术架构解析
后端核心设计:
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ConnectionCallback; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ResultSetExtractor; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import Java.sql.DatabaseMetaData; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData; import java.util.*; /** * @Author:Derek_Smart * @Date:2025/8/4 17:17 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/sqlUtil") public class SqlUtilResource { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SqlUtilResource.class); @PostMapping("/executeSqlp") public Map<String, Object> executeSqlp(@RequestBody SqlRequest request) { try { String sql = request.getSql(); List<Object> params = request.getParams(); if (sql.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("SELECT")) { // 查询操作 List<Map<String, Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, params.toArray(), (rs, rowNum) -> { Map<String, Object> row = new LinkedHashMap<>(); ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { String columnName = metaData.getColumnLabel(i); row.put(columnName, rs.getObject(i)); } return row; }); return createSuccessResponse(result); } else { // 更新操作 int affectedRows = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, params.toArray()); return createSuccessResponse(Collections.singletonMap("affectedRows", affectedRows)); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("SQL执行错误: {}", e.getMessage(), e); return createErrorResponse("SQL执行错误: " + e.getMessage()); } } @PostMapping("/executeSql") public Map<String, Object> executeSql(@RequestBody SqlRequest request) { try { String sql = request.getSql(); List<Object> params = request.getParams(); if (sql.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("SELECT")) { // 查询操作 - 返回列和行数据 return handleQuery(sql, params); } else { // 更新操作 - 返回受影响行数 return handleUpdate(sql, params); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("SQL执行错误: {}", e.getMessage(), e); return createErrorResponse("SQL执行错误: " + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 获取数据库所有表名 * @return 表名列表 */ @GetMapping("/getTables") public Map<String, Object> getDatabaseTables() { try { return jdbcTemplate.execute((ConnectionCallback<Map<String, Object>>) connection -> { DatabaseMetaData metaData = connection.getMetaData(); // 获取所有表名(不包含系统表) ResultSet tables = metaData.getTables( null, null, null, new String[]{"TABLE"}); List<String> tableNames = new ArrayList<>(); while (tables.next()) { String tableName = tables.getString("TABLE_NAME"); tableNames.add(tableName); } // 按字母顺序排序 Collections.sort(tableNames); // 构建响应 Map<String, Object> response = new LinkedHashMap<>(); response.put("success", true); response.put("data", tableNames); return response; }); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("获取数据库表失败: {}", e.getMessage(), e); Map<String, Object> errorResponse = new LinkedHashMap<>(); errorResponse.put("success", false); errorResponse.put("message", "获取数据库表失败: " + e.getMessage()); return errorResponse; } } private Map<String, Object> handleQuery(String sql, List<Object> params) { try { return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, params.toArray(), (ResultSetExtractor<Map<String, Object>>) rs -> { ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount(); // 获取列名 List<String> columns = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { columns.add(metaData.getColumnLabel(i)); } // 获取行数据 List<List<Object>> rows = new ArrayList<>(); while (rs.next()) { List<Object> row = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { row.add(rs.getObject(i)); } rows.add(row); } // 构建响应 Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<>(); data.put("columns", columns); data.put("rows", rows); Map<String, Object> response = new LinkedHashMap<>(); response.put("success", true); response.put("data", data); return response; }); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("查询处理失败: {}", e.getMessage(), e); return createErrorResponse("查询处理失败: " + e.getMessage()); } } private Map<String, Object> handleUpdate(String sql, List<Object> params) { int affectedRows = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, params.toArray()); Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<>(); data.put("affectedRows", affectedRows); Map<String, Object> response = new LinkedHashMap<>(); response.put("success", true); response.put("data", data); return response; } // 创建成功响应 private Map<String, Object> createSuccessResponse(Object data) { Map<String, Object> response = new LinkedHashMap<>(); response.put("success", true); response.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis()); response.put("data", data); return response; } // 创建错误响应 private Map<String, Object> createErrorResponse(String message) { Map<String, Object> response = new LinkedHashMap<>(); response.put("success", false); response.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis()); response.put("message", message); return response; } public static class SqlRequest { private String sql; private List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>(); // Getters and Setters public String getSql() { return sql; } public void setSql(String sql) { this.sql = sql; } public List<Object> getParams() { return params; } public void setParams(List<Object> params) { this.params = params; } } }
后端采用策略模式实现SQL路由,自动区分查询与更新操作。通过JDBC元数据接口实现数据库自发现能力,为前端提供结构化数据支撑。
前端创新交互:
<template> <!-- 双面板设计 --> <div class="editor-container"> <!-- 元数据导航区 --> <div class="sidebar"> <div v-for="table in tables" @click="selectTable(table)"> <i class="fas fa-table"></i> {{ table }} </div> </div> <!-- SQL工作区 --> <textarea v-model="sqlQuery" @keydown.ctrl.enter="executeSql"></textarea> <!-- 智能结果渲染 --> <el-table :data="result.data.rows"> <el-table-column v-for="(column, index) in result.data.columns" :label="column"> <template v-slot="scope"> <span v-if="scope.row[index] === null" class="null-value">NULL</span> <span v-else-if="typeof scope.row[index] === 'object'" @click="showJsonDetail(scope.row[index])"> {{ jsonPreview(scope.row[index]) }} </span> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> </div> </template>
前端实现三区域布局:元数据导航、SQL编辑器和智能结果面板。采用动态类型检测技术,对NULL值、JSON对象等特殊数据类型进行可视化区分处理。
核心技术亮点
实时元数据发现
- 自动加载数据库表结构
- 表名智能排序与即时搜索
- 点击表名自动生成SELECT模板
智能SQL处理
// SQL执行核心逻辑 async executeSql() { const paginatedSql = this.addPagination(this.sqlQuery); const response = await executeSql(paginatedSql); // 高级结果处理 if (response.success) { this.result = { ...response, data: { ...response.data, executionTime: Date.now() - startTime } } } }
- 自动分页机制
- 执行耗时精准统计
- 语法错误实时反馈
历史版本管理
// 历史记录管理 addToHistory(sql) { if (this.history.includes(sql)) return; this.history.unshift(sql); localStorage.setItem('sqlHistory', JSON.stringify(this.history)); }
本地存储自动持久化
智能去重机制
一键恢复历史查询
数据可视化增强
- JSON对象折叠预览
- NULL值特殊标识
- 分页控件动态加载
性能优化策略
查询优化
- 自动追加LIMIT子句
- 分页查询按需加载
- 结果集流式处理
缓存机制
// 表结构缓存 async fetchDatabaseTables() { if (this.cachedTables) return this.cachedTables; const response = await fetchtables(); this.cachedTables = response.data; }
完整vue代码:
<template> <div class="sql-executor-container"> <!-- 头部 --> <header> <div class="logo"> <i class="fas fa-database logo-icon"></i> <div> <h1>SQL 执行工具</h1> <p>网页版数据库客户端工具</p> </div> </div> <div class="connection-info"> <i class="fas fa-plug"></i> 已连接到 {{ connectionName }} 数据库 </div> </header> <!-- 主体内容 --> <div class="main-content"> <!-- 侧边栏 --> <div class="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-section"> <h3>数据库表</h3> <div v-for="table in tables" :key="table" class="schema-item" :class="{ active: selectedTable === table }" @click="selectTable(table)" > <i class="fas fa-table"></i> {{ table }} </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-section"> <h3>历史查询</h3> <div v-for="(query, index) in history" :key="index" class="schema-item history-item" @click="loadHistoryQuery(query)" > <i class="fas fa-history"></i> {{ query.substring(0, 40) }}{{ query.length > 40 ? '...' : '' }} </div> </div> </div> <!-- 编辑器区域 --> <div class="editor-container"> <div class="sql-editor-container"> <div class="sql-editor-header"> <h2>SQL 编辑器</h2> <div class="toolbar"> <el-button class="toolbar-btn run" @click="executeSql" :loading="loading" > <i class="fas fa-play"></i> 执行 </el-button> <el-button class="toolbar-btn format" @click="formatSql" > <i class="fas fa-indent"></i> 格式化 </el-button> <el-button class="toolbar-btn clear" @click="clearEditor" > <i class="fas fa-trash-alt"></i> 清除 </el-button> </div> </div> <textarea class="sql-editor" v-model="sqlQuery" placeholder="输入 SQL 语句,例如:SELECT * FROM table_name" @keydown.ctrl.enter="executeSql" ></textarea> </div> <!-- 结果区域 --> <div class="result-container"> <div class="result-header"> <h2>执行结果</h2> <div class="result-info"> <div class="result-status" :class="resultphp.success ? 'status-success' : 'status-error'" v-if="result" > {{ result.success ? '执行成功' : '执行失败' }} </div> <div class="rows-count" v-if="result && result.success"> 共 {{ result.data.total }} 行数据 (显示 {{ result.data.rows.length }} 行) </div> <div class="execution-time" v-if="result && result.success"> <i class="fas fa-clock"></i> {{ result.data.executionTime }} ms </div> </div> </div> <div class="result-content"> <!-- 加载状态 --> <div v-if="loading" class="no-data"> <i class="el-icon-loading"></i> <p>正在执行查询...</p> </div> <!-- 查询结果 --> <div v-else-if="result && result.success && result.data.rows.length > 0" class="table-container"> <div class="table-wrapper"> <el-table :data="result.data.rows" height="100%" stripe border size="small" :default-sort = "{prop: 'id', order: 'ascending'}" > <el-table-column v-for="(column, index) in result.data.columns" :key="index" :prop="'row.' + index" :label="column" min-width="150" > <!-- <template slot-scope="scope"> <span v-if="scope.row[column] === null" class="null-value">NULL</span> <span v-else-if="typeof scope.row[column] === 'object'" class="json-value" @click="showJsonDetail(scope.row[column])"> {{ jsonPreview(scope.row[column]) }} </span> <span v-else>{{ scope.row[column] }}</span> </template>--> <template slot-scope="scope"> <span v-if="scope.row[index] === null" class="null-value">NULL</span> <span v-else-if="typeof scope.row[index] === 'object'" class="json-value" @click="showJsonDetail(scope.row[index])"> {{ jsonPreview(scope.row[index]) }} </span> <span v-else>{{ scope.row[index] }}</span> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> </div> <!-- 分页控件 --> <el-pagination v-if="result.data.total > pageSize" @size-change="handleSizeChange" @current-change="handleCurrentChange" :current-page="currentPage" :page-sizes="[10, 20, 50, 100]" :page-size="pageSize" layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper" :total="result.data.total" class="pagination" > </el-pagination> </div> <!-- 空结果 --> <div v-else-if="result && result.success && result.data.rows.length === 0" class="no-data"> <i class="el-icon-inbox"></i> <p>未查询到数据</p> </div> <!-- 错误信息 --> <div v-else-if="result && !result.success" class="error-container"> <div class="error-header"> <i class="el-icon-warning-outline"></i> <h3>SQL 执行错误</h3> </div> <div class="error-details"> {{ result.message }} </div> </div> <!-- 初始状态 --> <div v-else class="no-data"> <i class="el-icon-document"></i> <p>输入 SQL 并执行以查看结果</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- 页脚 --> <div class="footer"> <div class="copyright"> {{ new Date().getFullYear() }} SQL执行工具 - 网页版数据库客户端 </div> <div class="shortcuts"> <div class="shortcut-item"> <span class="key">Ctrl</span> + <span class="key">Enter</span> 执行查询 </div> <div class="shortcut-item"> <span class="key">Ctrl</span> + <span class="key">/</span> 格式化 SQL </div> </div> </div> <!-- JSON 详情弹窗 --> <el-dialog title="基于SpringBoot与Vue开发Web版SQL执行工具" :visible.sync="showJsonModal" width="70%" top="5vh" > <pre class="json-content">{{ formatJson(currentJson) }}</pre> <span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer"> <el-button type="primary" @click="showJsonModal = false">关 闭</el-button> </span> </el-dialog> </div> </template> <script> import { fetchTables, executeSql } from '@/api/sqlUtil/sqlUtil'; export default { name: 'SqlUtil', data() { return { sqlQuery: '', result: null, loading: false, tables: [], selectedTable: null, history: [], showJsonModal: false, currentJson: null, connectionName: '生产', currentPage: 1, pageSize: 20 } }, mounted() { // 从本地存储加载历史记录 const savedHistory = localStorage.getItem('sqlHistory'); if (savedHistory) { this.history = JSON.parse(savedHistory); } // 获取当前连接信息 this.getConnectionInfo(); // 获取数据库表 this.fetchDatabaseTables(); }, methods: { async fetchDatabaseTables() { try { this.loading = true; const response = await fetchTables(); this.tables = response.data || []; if (this.tables.length > 0) { this.selectedTable = this.tables[0]; this.sqlQuery = `SELECT * FROM ${tandroidhis.selectedTable}`; } } catch (error) { console.error('获取数据库表失败:', error); this.$message.error('获取数据库表失败: ' + error.message); } finally { this.loading = false; } }, async executeSql() { if (!this.sqlQuery.trim()) { this.result = { success: false, message: 'SQL 语句不能为空' }; return; } this.loading = true; this.result = null; try { // 添加分页参数 const paginatedSql = this.addPagination(this.sqlQuery); const response = await executeSql(paginatedSql); this.result = response; // 保存到历史记录 this.addToHistory(this.sqlQuery); } catch (error) { this.result = { success: false, message: `请求失败: ${error.message || error}` }; } finally { this.loading = false; } }, // 添加分页到SQL addPagination(sql) { // 如果是SELECT查询,添加分页 /*if (sql.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith('SELECT')) { const offset = (this.currentPage - 1) * this.pageSize; return `${sql} LIMIT ${offset}, ${this.pageSize}`; }*/ return sql; }, handleSizeChange(val) { this.pageSize = val; this.currentPage = 1; if (this.sqlQuery.trim()) { this.executeSql(); } }, handleCurrentChange(val) { this.currentPage = val; if (this.sqlQuery.trim()) { this.executeSql(); } }, // 获取数据库连接信息 getConnectionInfo() { // 这里可以根据实际情况从API获取或从配置读取 const env = process.env.NODE_ENV; this.connectionName = env === 'production' ? '生产' : env === 'staging' ? '预发布' : '开发'; }, formatSql() { // 简单的 SQL 格式化 this.sqlQuery = this.sqlQuery .replace(/\b(SELECT|FROM|WHERE|AND|OR|ORDER BY|GROUP BY|HAVING|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|JOIN|INNER JOIN|LEFT JOIN|RIGHT JOIN|ON|AS|LIMIT)\b/gi, '\n$1') .replace(/,/g, ',\n') .replace(/;/g, ';\n') .replace(/\n\s+\n/g, '\n') .trim(); }, clearEditor() { this.sqlQuery = ''; this.result = null; }, selectTable(table) { this.selectedTable = table; this.sqlQuery = `SELECT * FROM ${table} LIMIT 100`; }, addToHistory(sql) { // 避免重复添加 if (this.history.includes(sql)) return; this.history.unshift(sql); // 限制历史记录数量 if (this.history.length > 10) { this.history.pop(); } // 保存到本地存储 localStorage.setItem('sqlHistory', JSON.stringify(this.history)); }, loadHistoryQuery(sql) { this.sqlQuery = sql; }, jsonPreview(obj) { try { const str = JSON.stringify(obj); return str.length > 50 ? str.substring(0, 47) + '...' : str; } catch { return '[Object]'; } }, showJsonDetail(obj) { this.currentJson = obj; this.showJsonModal = true; }, formatJson(obj) { return JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2); } } } </script> <style scoped> .sql-executor-container { display: Flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100vh; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); overflow: hidden; } header { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #2c3e50, #4a6491); color: white; padding: 15px 30px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-shrink: 0; } .logo { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 15px; } .logo-icon { font-size: 28px; color: #42b983; } .logo h1 { font-weight: 600; font-size: 22px; } .logo p { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 4px; } .connection-info { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); padding: 8px 15px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 13px; } .main-content { display: flex; flex: 1; min-height: 0; overflow: hidden; } .sidebar { width: 260px; background: #f8f9fa; border-right: 1px solid #eaeaea; padding: 15px 0; overflow-y: auto; flex-shrink: 0; } .sidebar-section { margin-bottom: 20px; } .sidebar-section h3 { padding: 0 20px 10px; font-size: 16px; color: #4a5568; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea; margin-bottom: 12px; } .schema-item { padding: 8px 20px 8px 35px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s; position: relative; font-size: 14px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; } .schema-item i { font-size: 14px; width: 20px; } .schema-item:hover { background: #e9ecef; } .schema-item.active { background: #e3f2fd; color: #1a73e8; font-weight: 500; } .history-item { font-size: 13px; color: #666; } .editor-container { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; overflow: hidden; } .sql-editor-container { flex: 0 0 40%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea; min-height: 200px; overflow: hidden; } .sql-editor-header { padding: 12px 20px; background: #f1f3f4; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea; flex-shrink: 0; } .sql-editor-header h2 { font-size: 17px; color: #2d3748; } .toolbar { display: flex; gap: 8px; } .toolbar-btn { padding: 7px 12px; border: none; border-radius: 6px; background: #4a6491; color: white; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; font-size: 13px; transition: all 0.2s; } .toolbar-btn:hover { opacity: 0.9; transform: translateY(-1px); } .toolbar-btn i { font-size: 13px; } .toolbar-btn.run { background: #42b983; } .toolbar-btn.format { background: #f0ad4e; } .toolbar-btn.clear { background: #e74c3c; } .sql-editor { flex: 1; padding: 15px; font-family: 'Fira Code', 'Consolas', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; border: none; resize: none; outline: none; background: #fcfcfc; min-height: 100px; overflow: auto; } .result-container { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 0; overflow: hidden; } .result-header { padding: 12px 20px; background: #f1f3f4; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea; flex-shrink: 0; } .result-header h2 { font-size: 17px; color: #2d3748; } .result-info { display: flex; align-items: center; gphpap: 15px; font-size: 13px; } .result-status { padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; } .status-success { background: #e8f5e9; color: #2e7d32; } .status-error { background: #ffebee; color: #c62828; } .rows-count, .execution-time { color: #5f6368; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; } .result-content { flex: 1; overflow: auto; position: relative; min-height: 0; } .table-container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .table-wrapper { flex: 1; overflow: auto; min-height: 200px; } .el-table { width: 100%; min-width: 1000px; } .pagination { padding: 10px 15px; border-top: 1px solid #ebeef5; background: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; } .null-value { color: #b0b0b0; font-style: italic; } .json-value { color: #d35400; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline dotted; } .no-data { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); text-align: center; color: #909399; font-size: 14px; } .error-container { padding: 20px; background-color: #ffebee; border-radius: 8px; margin: 20px; color: #c62828; } .error-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; } .error-details { font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); padding: 15px; border-radius: 6px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: auto; } .footer { padding: 12px 30px; background: #f8f9fa; border-top: 1px solid #eaeaea; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-size: 12px; color: #6c757d; flex-shrink: 0; } .shortcuts { display: flex; gap: 15px; } .shortcut-item { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; } .key { background: #e9ecef; padding: 3px 8px; border-radius: 4px; font-weight: 500; font-size: 11px; } .json-content { background: #f8f8f8; padding: 15px; border-radius: 4px; max-height: 70vh; overflow: auto; font-family: monospace; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 14px; } @media (max-width: 992px) { .main-content { flex-direction: column; } .sidebar { width: 100%; border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea; height: 200px; overflow: auto; } .result-info { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { header { flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; text-align: center; } .logo { flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; } .connection-info编程客栈 { margin-top: 5px; } .toolbar { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; } .footer { flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; } } </style>
import request from '@/utils/request' export function executeSql(sql) { return request({ url: '/sqlUtil/executeSql', 编程客栈method: 'post', data: { sql: sql } }) } export function fetchTables() { return request({ url: '/sqlUtil/getTables', method: 'get' }) }
import {Message} from 'element-ui' import axIOS from 'axios' axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/json;charset=utf-8' import store from "@/store"; import router from '@/router'; // create an axios instance const service = axios.create({ baseURL: `http://127.0.0.1:8080`, timeout: 75000, }) export default service
效果:
总结
该SQL执行工具通过四大创新设计重塑了数据库交互体验:
- 元数据驱动:将数据库结构转化为可视化导航
- 上下文感知:自动识别SQL类型并优化执行
- 渐进式渲染:平衡大数据量与用户体验
- 历史时空隧道:完整记录操作轨迹
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