SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现_开发_开发者

1.yaml语法

k:(空格)v：表示一对键值对（空格必须有）；

以空格的缩进来控制层级关系；只要是左对齐的一列数据，都是同一个层级的

例如：

server: 
  port: 8080
  path: /hello

值的写法：

字面量：普通的值（数字，字符串，布尔）

k: v：字面直接来写；

字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号；

""：双引号；不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符；特殊字符会作为本身想表示的意思

name: "zhangsan \n lisi"：输出；zhangsan 换行 lisi

''：单引号；会转义特殊字符，特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串数据

name: ‘zhangsan \n lisi’：输出；zhangsan \n lisi

对象、Map（属性和值）（键值对）：

k: v：在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系；注意缩进

对象还是k: v的方式

friends: 
  lastName: zhangsan
  age: 20

行内写法：

friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18}

数组(List,set):

用 - 值表示数字当中的一个元素

pets: 
  - cat
  - dog
  - pig

行内写法：

pets: [cat,dog,pig]

2.配置文件注入

1.@ConfigurationProperties注解注入

我们尝试把配置文件当中的值注入到bean里面：

实体类：

package com.qcby.domain;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PrjavascriptopertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import Javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;


/**
  *把配置文件里的每一个值映射到这组件中
  *@ConfigurationProperties:告诉Spring把这个类中的所有属性和配置文件中的配置绑定
  *perfix="person" 配置文件中person的所有属性进行一一映射
  */
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {

    private String lastName;
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean boss;
    private Date birth;

    private Mwww.devze.comap<String,Object> ma编程ps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getBirthString() {
        return birthString;
    }

    public void setBirthString(String birthString) {
        this.birthString = birthString;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

配置文件：

person:
  lastName: 232222
  age: 18
  boss: false
  birth: 2017/12/12
  maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
  lists:
    - lisi
    - zhaoliu
  dog:
    name: 小狗
    age: 12

在Controller中返回这个对象：

    @Autowired
    private Person person;

    @GetMapping("/person")
    @ResponseBody
    public Person selectPerson(){
        return person;
    }

然后运行启动类

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

2.@Value注解注入

package com.qcby.domain;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;

@Component
//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {

    //直接赋值
    @Value("Hello")
    private String lastName;

    @Value("18")
    private Integer age;

    @Value("false")
    private Boolean boss;

    //Date类型用Value需要转换
    @Value("2017/12/12")
    private String birthString;
    private Date birth;


    //要手动初始化(创建对象)
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;


    // 使用 @PostConstruct 在 Bean 初始化后处理复杂类型
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        //处理 Date 类型
        try {
            this.birth = new Date(birthString);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.birth = new Date(); // 默认当前时间
        }

        // 初始化 Map
        this.maps = new HashMap<>();
        maps.put("k1", "v1");
        maps.put("k2", "v2");

        //初始化 List
        this.lists = Arrays.asList("lisi", "zhaoliu");

        //创建 Dog 对象
        this.dog = new Dog();
        dog.secsltatName("小狗112312");
        dog.setAge(12);
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getBirthString() {
        return birthString;
    }

    public void setBirthString(String birthString) {
        this.birthString = birthString;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

@Value后面的括号里的值可以直接对这些属性赋值：

1513008000000 是一个时间戳，表示从 1970年1月1日 00:00:00 UTC 到指定时间的毫秒数

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

value也可以使用占位符来获取配置文件里面的值：

package com.qcby.domain;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;

@Component
public class Person {


    @Value("${person.lastName:Hello1231}")
    private String lastName;

    @Value("${person.age:183}")
    private Integer age;

    @Value("${person.boss:true}")
    private Boolean boss;

    @Value("${person.birth:2016/12/31}")
    //Date类型用Value需要转换
    private String birthString;
    private Date birth;


    //要手动初始化(创建对象)
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;


    // 使用 @PostConstruct 在 Bean 初始化后处理复杂类型
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        //处理 Date 类型
        try {
            this.birth = new Date(birthString);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.birth = new Date(); // 默认当前时间
        }

        // 初始化 Map
        this.maps = new HashMap<>();
        maps.put("k1", "v1");
        maps.put("k2", "v2");

        //初始化 List
        this.lists = Arrays.asList("lisi", "zhaoliu");

        //创建 Dog 对象
        this.dog = new Dog();
        dog.setName("小狗112312");
        dog.setAge(12);
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    pucsltablic List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getBirthString() {
        return birthString;
    }

    public void setBirthString(String birthString) {
        this.birthString = birthString;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

区别：

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

3.@PropertySource

@PropertySource可以加载指定的配置文件

package com.qcby.domain;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;

@PropertySource("classpath:person.properties")
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {

    private String lastName;
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean boss;
    private String birthString;
    private Date birth;


    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getBirthString() {
        return birthString;
    }

    public void setBirthString(String birthString) {
        this.birthString = birthString;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

想让person.properties生效的话，要先把application.yaml文件中有关person的配置去掉，因为application.yaml读取优先级更高，高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置

person.lastName=1222222222222222222222222222
person.age=${random.int(10)}
person.boss=true
person.birthString=2017/12/10
person.birth=2017/12/10
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=v2
person.lists[0]=lisi
person.lists[1]=zhaoliu
person.dog.name=大狗
person.dog.age=12

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

3.配置类注入

想让Spring的配置文件生效，我们可以在配置类上使用@ImportResource注解

package com.qcby.config;

import com.qcby.domain.HelloService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

//指明是一个配置类,代替之前的Spring配置文件
@Configuration
public class MyConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public HelloService helloService(){
        System.out.println("配置类给容器添加组件了.......");
        return new HelloService();
    }
}

SpringBoot配置文件注入值的简单实现

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